Amongst the most important factors which determine how a child will experience and react to a new transition are the temperament and age of the child. A child who is shy, or lacking in self-confidence, will almost always find any transition or change in normal routine stressful. Young children who do not have the maturity or cognitive capacity to understand and anticipate transitions will often find them more stressful than older children, though this is relative and depends on the situation.

The family situation, and how parents cope with transitions, is also crucial because children so often model their behaviour on that of their parents. If a child sees that parents are highly stressed because of the changes, he too is likely to react negatively. If, on the other hand, the parents react positively, the chances are that the child too will take a positive approach to the change. The nature of the transition itself is important of course, as well as the amount of preparation the child has had in anticipation of the change.

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Fortunately these warts clear rapidly with whatever treatment is used.Podophyllin may result in a rapid clearing of most of the warts even after one application.

Diathermy, usually under general anaesthetic, is also effective.

They are usually, but not always spread by sexual contact.

The seborrhoeic or senile wart is different from those already mentioned.

This is an overgrowth of the basal cells of the skin, and it produces a round, raised, greasy, brown or black lump.

They are more common in the middle aged or elderly, and occur mostly on the back.

The greasy, raised protuberance can easily be scaped off with a fingernail or scalpel. And this leaves a slightly raised, reddened, sometimes bleeding surface.

Like the other forms of warts they never become cancerous but the appearance may be unacceptable.

And for this reason they can be removed. This is usually done by electric diathermy or by the application of liquid nitrogen.

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Ingrown toenails are painful. This involves the big toenail on either or both sides. The nail should be cut straight across and not rounded as this may encourage the edge to dip in, and grow, cutting into the tissue at the side.

In the acute state, the offending piece of nail may be cut away by the sufferer, the doctor or the podiatrist.

Persistent or recurrent ingrown toenails do well with operation. This is done under local anaesthetic and usually involves wedge resection. The edge of the nail and the nail bed are removed and the wound allowed to heal.

If both sides are involved, a wedge resection on each side of the nail is possible, resulting in a nail narrower than before. When both sides are involved, the nail may be totally removed, along with the nail bed, so it cannot regrow.

Flat feet are often blamed for causing pain. The sole is flat at birth and the arch does not develop until the child begins to walk.

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The urethra is derived from the same embryonic tissue which forms the reproductive organs and, like them, is influenced by the hormone oestrogen.

After the menopause, when the amount of oestrogen is greatly reduced, the urethra can become thinned and more easily infected or damaged. For this reason, post-menopausal women often develop bladder irritation following intercourse.

Fortunately, treatment is effective. Oestrogen, given either by tablets or as a local cream or pessary, reverses the changes in the urethra and stops the recurrence of symptoms.

For those woman who suffer repeated attacks of bladder irritation every few months, the best means of prevention may be taking small, regular amounts of antibiotics to prevent infection in the urethra.

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Zinc has also been found to play a vital role in the health of the prostate. There is a very high concentration of zinc in the sperm, the seminal fluid, and in the prostate itself—more than in any other part of the body. A deficiency of zinc causes enlargement of the prostate and other unhealthy changes in this vital sex gland. Thus, zinc is definitely related to man’s sexual performance and potential. This is especially important to men past middle age, when prostate troubles usually start.

Is it possible to have deficiency of zinc if you eat a normal well-balanced diet? Yes, more likely than not, your diet is deficient in it. First, the soil of 32 of our 50 states is deficient in zinc, and the nutritive elements in your food can come only from the soil. Then, zinc is taken out of our foods by refining and processing, especially when bran and germ are removed from the grains. Foods rich in zinc are oysters (long believed by folklore to be a source of virility), herring, wheat bran and wheat germ, brewer’s yeast, onions, and eggs. Sunflower and pumpkin seeds are an excellent source of zinc, also.

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First, Waerland and Evers agree completely as to the cause of multiple sclerosis: a diet of denatured foods which is lacking in important nutritive elements and which causes metabolic disorder and poisons the system. Their general dietetic measures are similiar as well. Ebba Waerland recommends complete removal of all processed, refined, and devitilized foods, as well as sugar, tobacco, alcohol, salt, coffee, tea, spices and other foodless products.

The Waerland therapy for multiple sclerosis

Treatment begins with a short fast of not over five days’ duration, with vegetable and fruit juices. After fasting, a strict alkaline diet is prescribed for at least two weeks. This diet consists of two meals a day of raw fruits and vegetables with the addition of sprouted wheat* and 1 slice of whole meal bread; one meal is a vegetable meal, the other a fruit meal. This is followed by the standard Waerland diet with the addition of sprouted wheat. Only unpasteurized, raw milk is permitted. Bread consumption is limited to one or two slices of sour-dough bread a day. Cold-pressed oils are used instead of butter. No cheese, except whey cheese and homemade cottage cheese, is allowed. Brewer’s yeast is recommended as a food supplement.

In addition to the diet, other biological means of detoxifying the system advocated by Ebba Waerland are increasing the blood circulation by massage, exercises, and special hydrotherapeutic treatments.

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When looking at an iris, attention is first directed to the stomach and intestinal zones. In health the stomach and intestinal zones are of equal size. They take in a third of the iris and do not differ in essential colour and structure from each other. This normal form of the first major zone is very seldom found in these days.

A. Stomach zone:

1. Hyperacidity: The stomach zone is lighter than its surroundings, almost white and elevated. The patient complains of heartburn. If the stomach zone is circular and with a sharply marked outer circumference, then there is swelling and cramp of the stomach. Such patients have a constant sense of pressure in the stomach with cramp, associated with eructations.

2. Gastric insufficiency: The stomach zone becomes dark grey and sinks inwardly. There may appear black lines deeply furrowed in the stomach area, in which case there will be functional deficiency of the mucous membrane. These patients also complain of heartburn, which is in this case a false indication of acidity (= lactic acid). If with these signs the stomach zone is too small, then that is a sign of induration/sclerosis.

3. Inflammation of the mucous membranes = Gastritis: In this condition one finds small white flakes lying directly against the pupillary margin, especially when viewed with side floodlighting.

4. Inflammation of the stomach muscle layer: This is of a rheumatic nature, and shows small white flakes or clouds in the outer rim of the stomach zone (therefore on the boundary with the intestinal zone). Patients with these signs cannot tolerate cold food or drink—they have the feeling of ‘a cold lump in the stomach’.

5. Gastric ulcer: (Ulcus ventriculi et duodeni). The ulcer shows itself in the stomach zone as a black point, and is most frequently found in the posterior wall of the stomach (right iris about 20′, left iris about 40′), and in the pylorus. In the pyloric area the signs are more oblong than round, and usually extend over into the intestinal zone (ulcus duodeni). An open ulcer is a black point or line which is accompanied by a small white cloud (black point or line loss of substance, white cloud -= tissue inflammation, therefore the pain). When the ulcer has healed, the black spot becomes surrounded by a fine white closed ring (healing ring).

6. Gastric carcinoma: Cancer signs are small putty-like steel-grey signs which shine out from the depths of the iris. The iris appears putty-like and ’smudged’. Not infrequently a stomach cancer develops, especially a scirrhous cancer, from the so-called Ulcus callosum. This is shown in the iris in the form of several serrated black spots which overlap each other. The iris is then seen to be flattened in the outer rim.

7. ‘Nervous, stomach: A red-brown stomach zone points to a toxic poisoning of the gastric nerves ( = the so-called ‘nervous’ stomach). In most cases this colour change also extends over to the intestinal zone. Often also, radiations extend over the brain areas—an indication that any headaches have their origin in the stomach.

8. Dropped-stomach = Gastroptosis: When through over-contraction of the pylorus the muscle layer of the stomach weakens (= dilatation of the stomach), or when through general slackening of the abdominal muscles there arises a ptosis of the stomach, then this condition will be recognised in the iris by an expansion of the stomach zone—from 30′-45′ in the right iris, and from 15-30′ in the left iris. If the stomach zone areas—right iris 45′-60′, left iris 60′-15′—are enlarged, then that is a sign of gastric enlargement/dilatation. The reason for this is the accumulation of gas in the stomach.

One also finds patients with an enlarged stomach zone—from 15′-30′ in the right iris, or from 30′-45′ in the left iris. Here it is the posterior wall of the stomach which is relaxed and which gives rise to the ptosis.

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The seven potentially devastating diseases against which all children can and should be properly immunized are: diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (pertussis), polio, measles, mumps, and German measles (rubella).

There are two reasons why so many children go unprotected against these diseases. First, many parents believe that polio, diphtheria, and whooping cough no longer exist. Second, people don’t realize how dangerous these and the other four diseases are. Children die or are permanently disabled each year as a result of these preventable diseases. The statistics prove that children are in danger from these diseases, and without immunization your child is also at risk.

Doctors use two types of immunization:

Active (live) immunization is done by injecting a weakened or killed virus or bacterium into the body. This stimulates the body’s natural defense system. The body produces substances known as antibodies, carried in the bloodstream, which are tailor-made to fight the invading organisms. The antibodies remain in the body for years, sometimes a lifetime, to protect it against that particular disease.

Passive (dead) immunization involves injecting ready-made antibodies – usually extracted from the blood of animals that have been immunized for the purpose of producing antibodies to be used in passive immunization. Passive immunization is only temporary but serves to protect a person who may already be infected until the body has time to create its own antibodies.

The following sections explain how you can protect your child against these diseases.

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